QUOTE (Arturo_Vandelay @ Dec 12 2008, 10:06 PM) 
I always figured it flowed from a desire to have a lot of Catholics.
A consequence rather than a cause.
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A consequence rather than a cause.
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 12 2008, 07:11 PM)
A consequence rather than a cause.
Or, so they claim.
I figure it had to do with keeping the womenfolk tied to the menfolk and 'down'. Call me 'old-fashioned'.
In a competition for souls it's as easy to create them as convert them. It just seems pragmatic.
New light on Dark energy in cosmos
QUOTE
A mysterious form of energy that is speeding the universe's expansion is now showing itself as a cosmic craftsman of sorts.
Astronomers have discovered that the repulsive force known as dark energy sets limits on how large clusters of galaxies can grow.
The new results, based on observations from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Telescope, provide a long-sought confirmation of dark energy's influence on the cosmos. That influence was first discovered serendipitously in the 1990s by astrophysicists studying the expansion rate of the universe. They found the universe's expansion rate was not slowing down as expected, but speeding up.
The new results show that in addition to accelerating the expansion of the universe, dark energy also affects individual structures within the universe.
It does this by allowing fewer galaxy clusters to form.
"We're observing the unambiguous signature of the effects of dark energy on the growth of structure" in the universe.
Over the very long haul, the Chandra results imply that the universe will not end in a "big rip," with everything violently torn apart, as some astrophysicists had speculated. Instead, objects too loosely bound by gravity to overcome the repulsive force of dark energy will gradually vanish into the distance.
For instance, from the vantage point of the Milky Way, it will be lights out in a few tens of billion years for the Virgo Cluster, a gathering of at least 1,300 galaxies in a gravitationally corralled herd currently some 60 million light-years from Earth.
Scientists have puzzled over the origins of dark energy ever since it was discovered. The new results narrow the list of possibilities.
Two candidates remain standing, says David Spergel, a theorist in astrophysics at Princeton University in Princeton, N.J.
One involves an ultralight subatomic particle, dubbed quintessence, that is associated with the kind of force field that interacts very weakly with matter and is unstable. Some researchers suggest that this energy drove the rapid expansion the universe underwent in its inflationary period, calculated to have happened during the first trillionth of a second after the big bang. Energy from this quintessence field could be dark energy.
The other candidate is something called vacuum energy – a form of energy predicted by quantum physics. This energy would be present even if the universe had no matter. And it remains constant as the universe evolves, Dr. Spergel says.
"A quantum fluctuation in a vacuum has some tiny energy associated with it," Spergel explains. And energy has mass. "One way to think about this is that even nothing weighs something. And because in our universe we've got a lot of nothing, it has a major effect on our evolution."
At this point, he says, the vacuum-energy approach describes dark energy well.
Astronomers have discovered that the repulsive force known as dark energy sets limits on how large clusters of galaxies can grow.
The new results, based on observations from NASA's Chandra X-Ray Telescope, provide a long-sought confirmation of dark energy's influence on the cosmos. That influence was first discovered serendipitously in the 1990s by astrophysicists studying the expansion rate of the universe. They found the universe's expansion rate was not slowing down as expected, but speeding up.
The new results show that in addition to accelerating the expansion of the universe, dark energy also affects individual structures within the universe.
It does this by allowing fewer galaxy clusters to form.
"We're observing the unambiguous signature of the effects of dark energy on the growth of structure" in the universe.
Over the very long haul, the Chandra results imply that the universe will not end in a "big rip," with everything violently torn apart, as some astrophysicists had speculated. Instead, objects too loosely bound by gravity to overcome the repulsive force of dark energy will gradually vanish into the distance.
For instance, from the vantage point of the Milky Way, it will be lights out in a few tens of billion years for the Virgo Cluster, a gathering of at least 1,300 galaxies in a gravitationally corralled herd currently some 60 million light-years from Earth.
Scientists have puzzled over the origins of dark energy ever since it was discovered. The new results narrow the list of possibilities.
Two candidates remain standing, says David Spergel, a theorist in astrophysics at Princeton University in Princeton, N.J.
One involves an ultralight subatomic particle, dubbed quintessence, that is associated with the kind of force field that interacts very weakly with matter and is unstable. Some researchers suggest that this energy drove the rapid expansion the universe underwent in its inflationary period, calculated to have happened during the first trillionth of a second after the big bang. Energy from this quintessence field could be dark energy.
The other candidate is something called vacuum energy – a form of energy predicted by quantum physics. This energy would be present even if the universe had no matter. And it remains constant as the universe evolves, Dr. Spergel says.
"A quantum fluctuation in a vacuum has some tiny energy associated with it," Spergel explains. And energy has mass. "One way to think about this is that even nothing weighs something. And because in our universe we've got a lot of nothing, it has a major effect on our evolution."
At this point, he says, the vacuum-energy approach describes dark energy well.
QUOTE
The spectrum -- a radio "fingerprint" that revealed radio emission from water masers in the distant quasar MG J0414+0534. The background image is an infrared image of the quasar, made with the Hubble Space Telescope. The quasar appears broken up into four components by a foreground galaxy (diffuse object in the center), acting as a gravitational lens and strengthening the signal by a factor of 35. The inset with the galaxy M87 shows how the quasar might be seen from nearby. Image: Milde Science Communication, STScI, CFHT, J.-C. Cuillandre, Coelum.
Most Distant Water in the Universe Found
QUOTE
(PhysOrg.com) -- Astronomers have found the most distant water yet seen in the Universe, in a galaxy more than 11 billion light-years from Earth. Previously, the most distant water had been seen in a galaxy less than 7 billion light-years from Earth.
Using the giant, 100-meter-diameter radio telescope in Effelsberg, Germany, and the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, the scientists detected a telltale radio "fingerprint" of water molecules in the distant galaxy.
The soggy galaxy, dubbed MG J0414+0534, harbors a quasar -- a supermassive black hole powering bright emission -- at its core. In the region near the core, the water molecules are acting as masers, the radio equivalent of lasers, to amplify radio waves at a specific frequency.
The astronomers say their discovery indicates that such giant water masers were more common in the early Universe than they are today. MG J0414+0534 is seen as it was when the Universe was roughly one-sixth of its current age.
At the galaxy's great distance, even the strengthening of the radio waves done by the masers would not by itself have made them strong enough to detect with the radio telescopes. However, the scientists got help from nature in the form of another galaxy, nearly 8 billion light-years away, located directly in the line of sight from MG J0414+0534 to Earth. That foreground galaxy's gravity served as a lens to further brighten the more-distant galaxy and make the emission from the water molecules visible to the radio telescopes.
"We were only able to discover this distant water with the help of the gravitational lens," said Violette Impellizzeri, an astronomer with the Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (MPIfR) in Bonn, Germany. "This cosmic telescope reduced the amount of time needed to detect the water by a factor of about 1,000," she added.
The astronomers first detected the water signal with the Effelsberg telescope. They then turned to the VLA's sharper imaging capability to confirm that it was indeed coming from the distant galaxy. The gravitational lens produces not one, but four images of MG J0414+0534 as seen from Earth. Using the VLA, the scientists found the specific frequency attributable to the water masers in the two brightest of the four lensed images. The other two lensed images, they said, are too faint for detecting the water signal.
Using the giant, 100-meter-diameter radio telescope in Effelsberg, Germany, and the National Science Foundation's Very Large Array (VLA) in New Mexico, the scientists detected a telltale radio "fingerprint" of water molecules in the distant galaxy.
The soggy galaxy, dubbed MG J0414+0534, harbors a quasar -- a supermassive black hole powering bright emission -- at its core. In the region near the core, the water molecules are acting as masers, the radio equivalent of lasers, to amplify radio waves at a specific frequency.
The astronomers say their discovery indicates that such giant water masers were more common in the early Universe than they are today. MG J0414+0534 is seen as it was when the Universe was roughly one-sixth of its current age.
At the galaxy's great distance, even the strengthening of the radio waves done by the masers would not by itself have made them strong enough to detect with the radio telescopes. However, the scientists got help from nature in the form of another galaxy, nearly 8 billion light-years away, located directly in the line of sight from MG J0414+0534 to Earth. That foreground galaxy's gravity served as a lens to further brighten the more-distant galaxy and make the emission from the water molecules visible to the radio telescopes.
"We were only able to discover this distant water with the help of the gravitational lens," said Violette Impellizzeri, an astronomer with the Max-Planck Institute for Radioastronomy (MPIfR) in Bonn, Germany. "This cosmic telescope reduced the amount of time needed to detect the water by a factor of about 1,000," she added.
The astronomers first detected the water signal with the Effelsberg telescope. They then turned to the VLA's sharper imaging capability to confirm that it was indeed coming from the distant galaxy. The gravitational lens produces not one, but four images of MG J0414+0534 as seen from Earth. Using the VLA, the scientists found the specific frequency attributable to the water masers in the two brightest of the four lensed images. The other two lensed images, they said, are too faint for detecting the water signal.
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 18 2008, 09:56 PM)
"We were only able to discover this distant water with the help of the gravitational lens," said Violette Impellizzeri
Too cool.
Amazing. It's a good thing there are smart people out there somewhere. I could barely find Phoenix with a map.
QUOTE (Arturo_Vandelay @ Dec 18 2008, 10:07 PM)
Amazing. It's a good thing there are smart people out there somewhere. I could barely find Phoenix with a map.
Primate offers missing link to ancestor of the Aids virus
One never knows what benefit an endangered species might provide. This one might be the path to an AIDS cure.
QUOTE
A mouse-like primate threatened with extinction has provided the "missing link" in the evolutionary history of the HIV virus, promising to transform the scientific understanding of the family of viruses to which HIV belongs.
Research into the Madagascan grey mouse lemur published by a team from Stanford University school of medicine, California, suggests that far from being a relatively recent phenomenon, the family of primate lentiviruses to which HIV belongs may be scores of millions of years old.
The study also suggests the endangered lemurs, only found on the Indian Ocean island, may have survived a prehistoric "Aids-like" epidemic before developing an immunity to the disease, promising important insights into how the human epidemic might unfold.
It had been believed that the two strains of HIV found in humans had existed in primates for 1m years at most, with some scientists believing that they may have only been around for hundreds of thousands of years. Aids itself is thought to have existed for just over 100 years.
The study, described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the US, also raises the possibility that similar viruses, believed to be confined at first to African primates, may have been more widely distributed at one time.
The Stanford research suggests that a virus closely related to HIV may have been present in the grey mouse lemur population for at least 14m years, when the last land bridges between Madagascar and the African continent disappeared. Researchers believe it could even be as much as 85m years old, which would make it the oldest ancestor of HIV ever discovered.
Over 25 million people across the world have died from Aids-related illnesses since the virus was first identified in the US 27 years ago. Two-thirds of the 33 million people who are at present infected with the virus are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Until the Stanford research was disclosed it had been believed that the lentivirus family had emerged too recently to have been part of this evolutionary development of a resistance to retroviruses. But if the Stanford researchers are correct and lentiviruses are many millions of years old, it could change the understanding of the evolution of immune defences against retroviruses, with implications for HIV treatments or vaccines.
But that is where the problem lies. Lemurs are rapidly dwindling in numbers, and time is fast running out.
Research into the Madagascan grey mouse lemur published by a team from Stanford University school of medicine, California, suggests that far from being a relatively recent phenomenon, the family of primate lentiviruses to which HIV belongs may be scores of millions of years old.
The study also suggests the endangered lemurs, only found on the Indian Ocean island, may have survived a prehistoric "Aids-like" epidemic before developing an immunity to the disease, promising important insights into how the human epidemic might unfold.
It had been believed that the two strains of HIV found in humans had existed in primates for 1m years at most, with some scientists believing that they may have only been around for hundreds of thousands of years. Aids itself is thought to have existed for just over 100 years.
The study, described in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in the US, also raises the possibility that similar viruses, believed to be confined at first to African primates, may have been more widely distributed at one time.
The Stanford research suggests that a virus closely related to HIV may have been present in the grey mouse lemur population for at least 14m years, when the last land bridges between Madagascar and the African continent disappeared. Researchers believe it could even be as much as 85m years old, which would make it the oldest ancestor of HIV ever discovered.
Over 25 million people across the world have died from Aids-related illnesses since the virus was first identified in the US 27 years ago. Two-thirds of the 33 million people who are at present infected with the virus are in sub-Saharan Africa.
Until the Stanford research was disclosed it had been believed that the lentivirus family had emerged too recently to have been part of this evolutionary development of a resistance to retroviruses. But if the Stanford researchers are correct and lentiviruses are many millions of years old, it could change the understanding of the evolution of immune defences against retroviruses, with implications for HIV treatments or vaccines.
But that is where the problem lies. Lemurs are rapidly dwindling in numbers, and time is fast running out.
One never knows what benefit an endangered species might provide. This one might be the path to an AIDS cure.
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 18 2008, 09:16 PM)
Primate offers missing link to ancestor of the Aids virus
One never knows what benefit an endangered species might provide. This one might be the path to an AIDS cure.
One never knows what benefit an endangered species might provide. This one might be the path to an AIDS cure.
Maybe, on the other hand what happens when a weak variant that might die off survives and weakens the gene pool? Sometimes scientists and enviro-fusspots can't even define what a separate species is.
http://www.livescience.com/strangenews/070...berspecies.html
Strange News
Greatest Mysteries: How Many Species Exist on Earth?
By Andrea Thompson, Staff Writer
posted: 03 August 2007 09:18 am ET
var URI = escape(document.URL); var url = escape('/strangenews/070803_gm_numberspecies.html'); var title = escape("Greatest+Mysteries%3A+How+Many+Species+Exist+on+Earth%3F"); var str = 'url='+URI+'&title='+title; var htmlstr = '
del.icio.us'; htmlstr += '
Digg It!'; htmlstr += '
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reddit?'; function show_print(){ var print_article = new showPrint(); } document.write(''); document.write('livescience:'+document.URL+'')livescience:http://www.livescience.com/strangenews/070803_gm_numberspecies.htmlBuzz up! document.write(htmlstr); del.icio.us Digg It! Newsvine reddit 0 Comments | 6 Recommend Editor's Note: We asked several scientists from various fields what they thought were the greatest mysteries today, and then we added a few that were on our minds, too. This article is one of 15 in LiveScience's "Greatest Mysteries" series running each weekday.The prospect of discovering little green men on other planets has long captured our imaginations, but many scientists are just as excited about finding new life forms in our own backyard.
Though humans have shared the planet with millions of other creatures for thousands of years, we know surprisingly little about our neighbors—we don’t even know exactly how many flora and fauna call Earth home.
The National Science Foundation’s “Tree of Life” project estimates that there could be anywhere from 5 million to 100 million species on the planet, but science has only identified about 2 million.
“We’ve only touched the surface of understanding animal life,” said entomologist Brian Fisher of the California Academy of Sciences. “We’ve discovered just 10 percent of all living things on this planet.”
Environmental index
Taking an exact count of Earth’s creatures may not seem like the most important task, but taxonomy, the science of discovering, describing and categorizing living things, is “the foundation for understanding life on this planet,” Fisher said.
Knowing just who we share the planet with is of particular concern now because global warming, deforestation and other signs of human development are threatening many species, which may be essential to the functioning of ecosystems or may have inherent value in terms of developing medicines or other products.
As Fisher puts it, knowing what kind and how much life is out there could make society more “bio-literate”—we would better understand the impacts that human activities have on other living things.
“We could have kind of a Dow Jones index of the environment,” Fisher said.
No simple answer
Though taxonomists have been cataloguing plants and animals for more than 250 years, they still have no exact answer to the question, “How many species are on Earth?”
“It’s a very simple question, but we have no simple answer,” Fisher said.
One of the reasons we can’t get an accurate count is that the bulk of the things that have yet to be discovered and described are in the realm of the very small: insects, bacteria and other microbes.
“We’ve done a pretty good job of categorizing from the size of a fly up,” but anything below that is far less known, said Joel Cracraft of the American Museum of Natural History in New York.
Another part of the problem is that the tradition of taxonomy has been confined to the developed world for the bulk of its existence, leaving out the enormous diversity of much of the southern hemisphere, which is less developed on average.
“Species aren’t equally distributed across the Earth; they have these hotspots,” Fisher said.
For example, says AMNH entomologist Randall Schuh, as of 2003 there are about 2,000 known plant-eating bug species in North America, but only 200 in Australia, while the sampling of Australia’s plant diversity that Schuh has done since then suggests that there could be as many as 3,000 plant-eating bug species in Australia.
Complicating the matter are “cryptic” species, which look the same to the human eye, but genetically are quite different, making them that much harder for scientists to classify.
“When we go out in nature and we see individual organisms, they don’t wear little name tags, they don’t tell us what they are,” Schuh said.
New tools
But taxonomists now have new tools such as DNA sequencing that are making distinguishing one species from another, particularly “cryptic species” and smaller creatures, much easier.
“We’re going to find more and more things through these tools, there’s no doubt about it,” Schuh said.
Biologists are also combining their knowledge in projects such as the “Tree of Life,” the bug-focused Planetary Biodiversity Inventory co-headed by Schuh and the Census for Marine Life (a network of researchers in more than 70 nations engaged in a 10-year initiative to assess the diversity and abundance of marine life), all of which are intended to identify, catalogue and connect lineages of Earth’s millions of species.
“I think now we can, if we put some resources behind it, address this exciting fact that 90 percent of life is yet to be discovered on the planet,” Fisher said.
QUOTE (SpaceCowboy @ Dec 18 2008, 11:02 PM)
Too cool.
Totally.
It's bad enough those Africans were farking the monkeys but the lemurs too?
Lemur farkers.
Crooked-Penis Drug Developer Rises After Pfizer Deal
Okay, so the headline is hilarious, but the article is interesting too.
QUOTE
Dec. 18 (Bloomberg) -- Auxilium Pharmaceuticals Inc., the biotechnology company developing a drug to treat penis curvature and hand lumps, rose the most in seven weeks in Nasdaq trading after Pfizer Inc. bought the rights for as much as $485 million.
Auxilium, of Malvern, Pennsylvania, gained $3.39, or 15 percent, to $26.28 at 4 p.m. New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading, its biggest jump since Oct. 30. Auxilium said late yesterday that New York-based Pfizer, the world’s biggest drugmaker, would help develop the shot Xiaflex for 46 European and Asian countries.
The medicine targets Peyronie’s disease, a curvature of the penis, and Dupuytren’s contracture, a growth of hard tissue in the hand. Both conditions are caused by the buildup of collagen, or scar tissue. Xiaflex is a biotechnology drug made up of three types of enzymes that can break down collagen.
In Peyronie’s disease, the buildup of collagen on the shaft of the penis reduces flexibility, causes pain and can interfere with sexual intercourse. It affects an estimated 1 to 3 percent of men, according to Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York. In Dupuytren’s contracture, which is found in 3 to 6 percent of Caucasians, especially those of northern European descent, collagen buildup in the palm can contract the fingers and impair use of the hand.
Auxilium, of Malvern, Pennsylvania, gained $3.39, or 15 percent, to $26.28 at 4 p.m. New York time in Nasdaq Stock Market composite trading, its biggest jump since Oct. 30. Auxilium said late yesterday that New York-based Pfizer, the world’s biggest drugmaker, would help develop the shot Xiaflex for 46 European and Asian countries.
The medicine targets Peyronie’s disease, a curvature of the penis, and Dupuytren’s contracture, a growth of hard tissue in the hand. Both conditions are caused by the buildup of collagen, or scar tissue. Xiaflex is a biotechnology drug made up of three types of enzymes that can break down collagen.
In Peyronie’s disease, the buildup of collagen on the shaft of the penis reduces flexibility, causes pain and can interfere with sexual intercourse. It affects an estimated 1 to 3 percent of men, according to Weill Cornell Medical Center in New York. In Dupuytren’s contracture, which is found in 3 to 6 percent of Caucasians, especially those of northern European descent, collagen buildup in the palm can contract the fingers and impair use of the hand.
Okay, so the headline is hilarious, but the article is interesting too.
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 18 2008, 10:45 PM)
Lemur farkers.
Can any animal in the zoo feel safe anymore?
Ask the goatman.
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 18 2008, 11:16 PM)
Primate offers missing link to ancestor of the Aids virus
One never knows what benefit an endangered species might provide. This one might be the path to an AIDS cure.
One never knows what benefit an endangered species might provide. This one might be the path to an AIDS cure.
Bill Cosby said it was a CIA developed virus...
QUOTE (arebuntz @ Dec 19 2008, 10:42 AM)
Bill Cosby said it was a CIA developed virus...
Jeremiah Wright echoed the charge!
An the rabid right blamed it all on gays.
Ass farking Gibbons has never been a good idea.
do tell
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 19 2008, 12:19 PM)
Ass farking Gibbons has never been a good idea.
I'm guessing you and everyone else already knows this, but just to be clear, HIV is though to have jumped the species barrier in slaughterhouse conditions. It was a consequence not of sex with monkeys, but rather from preparing them as food. Some people, apparently, eat monkeys.
It doesn't matter what you say or what the evidence tells you. They just want to link homosexuality with bestiality.
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 19 2008, 03:21 PM)
I'm guessing you and everyone else already knows this, but just to be clear, HIV is though to have jumped the species barrier in slaughterhouse conditions. It was a consequence not of sex with monkeys, but rather from preparing them as food. Some people, apparently, eat monkeys.
I didn't know Haitians ate monkeys.
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 19 2008, 01:37 PM)
I didn't know Haitians ate monkeys.
I didn't know HIV got started in Haiti.
ENOUGH!!!!!
QUOTE (Nomarchy @ Dec 19 2008, 04:13 PM)
I didn't know HIV got started in Haiti.
ENOUGH!!!!!
ENOUGH!!!!!
I believe the first cases in the US were Hatiains in NYC. I remember hearing the news of that before they even had a name for it.
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 19 2008, 02:14 PM)
I believe the first cases in the US were Hatiains in NYC. I remember hearing the news of that before they even had a name for it.
That settles it, then.
QUOTE (Nomarchy @ Dec 19 2008, 04:14 PM)
That settles it, then.
Check it out or fark off.
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 19 2008, 02:26 PM)
Check it out or fark off.
You fark OFF YOU OBNOXIOUS PRICK!
Figure out what Innocent was talking about, first, motherf ucker, and then respond.
farking a-hole!!!!!!!!!
QUOTE (Nomarchy @ Dec 19 2008, 04:27 PM)
You fark OFF YOU OBNOXIOUS PRICK!
Figure out what Innocent was talking about, first, motherf ucker, and then respond.
farking a-hole!!!!!!!!!
Figure out what Innocent was talking about, first, motherf ucker, and then respond.
farking a-hole!!!!!!!!!
I know what he was talking about. Figure out what I'm saying before you jump off more than you can chew.
QUOTE
In March 2007 however, it returned to the public eye at the Fourteenth Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) in Los Angeles. A group of international scientists presented data based on complex genetic analysis of 122 early samples of HIV-1, group M, subtype B (the most common strain found in the USA and in Haiti) showing that the strain had probably been brought to Haiti from Africa by a single person in around 1966; a time when many Haitians would have been returning from working in the Congo.19
Genetic analysis then showed that subtype B spread slowly from person to person on the island, before being transferred to the US, again probably by a single individual, at some point between 1969 and 1972. A paper published in October 2007 by Worobey and colleagues gave a 99.7% certainty that HIV subtype B originated in Haiti before passing to the US.20
Genetic analysis then showed that subtype B spread slowly from person to person on the island, before being transferred to the US, again probably by a single individual, at some point between 1969 and 1972. A paper published in October 2007 by Worobey and colleagues gave a 99.7% certainty that HIV subtype B originated in Haiti before passing to the US.20
http://www.avert.org/origins.htm
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 19 2008, 05:14 PM)
I believe the first cases in the US were Hatiains in NYC. I remember hearing the news of that before they even had a name for it.
You realize that the first cases in the US aren't equivalent to the first jump across the species border, right? HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa long before making it to the US.
Here I figured you already knew all this and were going to get snippy for me stating the obvious. I guess it never hurts to state the obvious.
We were just having fun making tasteless jokes.
Gibbons and Lemurs and such.
Gibbons and Lemurs and such.
So...will the real buttfarkers please stand up.
for you?
QUOTE
showing that the strain had probably been brought to Haiti from Africa by a single person in around 1966; a time when many Haitians would have been returning from working in the Congo.
THE SPECIES JUMP occurred, in all iikelihood, in Africa.
QUOTE (Bart Katz @ Dec 19 2008, 05:14 PM)
I believe the first cases in the US were Hatiains in NYC. I remember hearing the news of that before they even had a name for it.
I thought it was the Canadian Flight Attendant on 7/4/1976?
The first case of HIV infections among humans did not take place in the U.S., or Haiti, for that matter.
And, nobody was farking or being farked by gibbons.
And, nobody was farking or being farked by gibbons.
Science Daily: What Came Before The Big Bang? Interpreting Asymmetry In Early Universe
What happened before the Big Bang? Probably the Big Dinner and a Big Movie.
What happened before the Big Bang? Probably the Big Dinner and a Big Movie.
Older people really do view past through rose-tinted spectacles
Scientists have discovered why older people tend to view the past through rose-tinted spectacles.
Remember back in the old days when there was no scientific explanation for nostalgia? Ahh, good times.
Scientists have discovered why older people tend to view the past through rose-tinted spectacles.
QUOTE
Researchers found that ageing brains allow negative memories to fade leaving pensioners with a distorted impression of how great life was in their younger days.
It is believed that as we get older we learn to be less affected by negative information in order to maintain our well being.
In contrast, younger adults need to keep an accurate memory of both positive and negative information to help them through their working life.
Therefore younger people remember more negative events than their older counterparts.
Older adults had fewer connections between an area of the brain that generates emotions and a region involved in memory and learning.
Instead they have more connections between the area that detects emotion and the area that controls emotions.
This may allow the elderly to effectively control which memories they retain and which they do not.
Report author Professor Roberto Cabeza, from Duke University, North Carolina, United States, said: "Older people have learned to be less affected by negative information in order to maintain their well being and emotional state.
"They may have sacrificed more accurate memory for a negative stimulus, so that they won't be so affected by it.
"Perhaps at different stages of life, there are different brain strategies.
"Younger adults might need to keep an accurate memory for both positive and negative information in the world.
"Older people dwell in a world with a lot of negatives, so perhaps they have learned to reduce the impact of negative information and remember in a different way."
The study is published in the journal Psychological Science.
It is believed that as we get older we learn to be less affected by negative information in order to maintain our well being.
In contrast, younger adults need to keep an accurate memory of both positive and negative information to help them through their working life.
Therefore younger people remember more negative events than their older counterparts.
Older adults had fewer connections between an area of the brain that generates emotions and a region involved in memory and learning.
Instead they have more connections between the area that detects emotion and the area that controls emotions.
This may allow the elderly to effectively control which memories they retain and which they do not.
Report author Professor Roberto Cabeza, from Duke University, North Carolina, United States, said: "Older people have learned to be less affected by negative information in order to maintain their well being and emotional state.
"They may have sacrificed more accurate memory for a negative stimulus, so that they won't be so affected by it.
"Perhaps at different stages of life, there are different brain strategies.
"Younger adults might need to keep an accurate memory for both positive and negative information in the world.
"Older people dwell in a world with a lot of negatives, so perhaps they have learned to reduce the impact of negative information and remember in a different way."
The study is published in the journal Psychological Science.
Remember back in the old days when there was no scientific explanation for nostalgia? Ahh, good times.
QUOTE (Nomarchy @ Dec 20 2008, 04:05 AM)
The first case of HIV infections among humans did not take place in the U.S., or Haiti, for that matter.
And, nobody was farking or being farked by gibbons.
And, nobody was farking or being farked by gibbons.
I don't completely buy into the 'Out Of Africa' theory of HIV. I've studied some of the material, read the data, and I've read some very interesting alternative theories by epidemiologists and virologists.
What say you?
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 19 2008, 08:34 PM)
Older people really do view past through rose-tinted spectacles
Scientists have discovered why older people tend to view the past through rose-tinted spectacles.
Remember back in the old days when there was no scientific explanation for nostalgia? Ahh, good times.
Scientists have discovered why older people tend to view the past through rose-tinted spectacles.
Remember back in the old days when there was no scientific explanation for nostalgia? Ahh, good times.
Yeah, the Clinton years. I remember well.
QUOTE (Arturo_Vandelay @ Dec 19 2008, 10:55 PM)
Yeah, the Clinton years. I remember well.
We'll see if it works as well for the Bush years.
QUOTE (Innocent @ Dec 19 2008, 06:23 PM)
You realize that the first cases in the US aren't equivalent to the first jump across the species border, right? HIV originated in sub-Saharan Africa long before making it to the US.
Here I figured you already knew all this and were going to get snippy for me stating the obvious. I guess it never hurts to state the obvious.
Here I figured you already knew all this and were going to get snippy for me stating the obvious. I guess it never hurts to state the obvious.
I don't know poop about anything. Just go ahead on with your brilliance.
QUOTE (Nomarchy @ Dec 19 2008, 07:35 PM)
THE SPECIES JUMP occurred, in all iikelihood, in Africa.
A gay Hatian brought his pet Gibbon back to Haiti from Africa. Then the dude emigrated to NYC and met a gay Rican and they engaged in ass farking. He had got the virus from the Gibbon and gave it to the Rican. The disease then spread amongst the promiscuous gay ass farking NYC community. They sure as hell didn't get it from sharing towels at the Y.
QUOTE (SpaceCowboy @ Dec 19 2008, 06:25 PM)
We were just having fun making tasteless jokes.
Gibbons and Lemurs and such.
Gibbons and Lemurs and such.
Good grief, what's wrong with these people?
Might as well try to argue evolution or politics with em, fargin literalists.
QUOTE (BrooklynBill @ Dec 19 2008, 07:51 PM)
I don't completely buy into the 'Out Of Africa' theory of HIV. I've studied some of the material, read the data, and I've read some very interesting alternative theories by epidemiologists and virologists.
What say you?
What say you?
I'd love to hear a brief, concise summary. Seriously.
QUOTE (BrooklynBill @ Dec 19 2008, 07:51 PM)
I don't completely buy into the 'Out Of Africa' theory of HIV. I've studied some of the material, read the data, and I've read some very interesting alternative theories by epidemiologists and virologists.
What say you?
What say you?
I am going with the mainstream view for the time being.
I'm watching a history channel special on the great apes, and the Africans are still eating them for bush meat, to some considerable extent.
QUOTE (SpaceCowboy @ Dec 19 2008, 11:18 PM)
I'm watching a history channel special on the great apes, and the Africans are still eating them for bush meat, to some considerable extent.
Makes me think of a story my grandpa told in that he had always eaten bear meat when it was offered to him growing up until the day he stopped by a hunting camp and saw a skinned headless bear carcass hanging in the hunters camp and he said it looked just like a man hanging there.
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